What is the white phosphorus that Israel is accused of using in Gaza?
This wax-like, toxic substance burns at temperatures high enough to melt metal.
Is white phosphorus harmful to humans?
White phosphorus can burn the skin down to the bone, and the chemicals can be absorbed by the body, causing dysfunction in multiple organs, including the liver, kidneys and heart.
“The burns have a double effect. They have a local effect because of the burn itself, which is generally quite severe and very deep, and then the second effect is metabolic, which can kill the patients,” said Roman Hossein Khonsari, professor of maxillofacial surgery and plastic surgery at Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital in Paris.
He said metabolic disorders can include abnormal potassium levels that cause heart failure.
Khonsari, who worked in Yerevan during the war between Armenia and Azerbaijan, said that if burns are not identified by doctors as being caused by white phosphorus, the victim may not receive the necessary care for organ failure risks.
Khonsari also explained that phosphorus burns continue to pierce the skin and will reach the bone unless the substance is properly washed out.
White phosphorus, which can stick to many surfaces, such as clothes, can also reignite if it comes into contact with the skin again.
It can also be lethal if inhaled, and the fumes can severely irritate eyes and make them sensitive to light.
Is white phosphorus banned?
White phosphorus is not explicitly banned by international conventions — though its use in a dense, civilian population is considered illegal by many legal scholars.
Protocol III of the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons prohibits incendiaries or the use of other substances to attack civilian populations. But to be considered an “incendiary weapon”, an item needs to be “primarily designed” to set fire or cause burns.
White phosphorus is also used as a smokescreen, to signal or to illuminate a target. This allows militaries to argue that its use is not covered by Protocol III , to which Israel is in any case not a signatory.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/ ... ng-on-gaza
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