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Conceptual art, sometimes called idea art, is art in which the ideas of the artist are more important than the means used to express them.
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Conceptual art marks a major turning point in late twentieth-century art. An art of ideas which can be written, published, performed, fabricated, or which can simply remain inside your head it is also an art of questions. Since its emergence in the mid 1960s, it has challenged our precepts about not only art but society, politics and the media. An international movement, Conceptual art encompasses not only North America and Western Europe but also South America, Eastern Europe, Russia, China and Japan.
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Conceptual Art was conceived out of a desire to shift aesthetic discourse away from its traditional objects and materials.Up to the '60, we used to see art in terms of concrete shapes and objects.Conceptual Art, by contrast, aims to find its own definition; the work of art consists in the analysis and investigation of the language of art and the system within which it exists.Thus we come to a "dematerialised" art, meaning art which is not committed to long-lasting materials and forms.The materials of this art are sheets of paper, discussions about art, philosophical reflections on the artistic system.Art moves from a method based on intuition and synthesis to one based on scientific analysis, as science philosophy.While traditional art has made us used to intentional ambiguity, conceptual art takes its data from science and the neeed for unequivocal meaning.
See: "Art Conceptuel" by Catherine Millet, 1972.
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Conceptual art is a highly controversial art form. Its supporters think it marks a significant expansion of the boundaries of art, which were previously growing increasingly commercialized. However, its detractors believe that it is trite, banal, and pretentious.
The roots of conceptual art can be traced back to Marcel Duchamp, who from the second decade of the 20th century produced various iconoclastic pieces in which he questioned the traditional values of the art world. However, conceptual art did not acquire a name or become a recognized movement until the late 1960s. It then rapidly became widespread, flourishing at the same time as other movements, such as Arte Povera, Land art, and performance art, that tried to escape from the commercialization of the art world by eliminating or underplaying the role of a collectable art ‘object’. As with those other genres, works of conceptual art, and their documentation, have in fact proved commercially valuable. Conceptual art had passed its period of peak popularity by the mid 1970s, but there was a strong revival of interest in it in the 1980s. The term neo-conceptual is sometimes applied to work of this later phase.
Exponents of conceptual art sometimes try to deal with serious political and social issues, but often they are engaged in an abstruse analysis of the nature of art. Their media take a great variety of forms, including diagrams, photographs, video tapes, sets of instructions, and so on. Some conceptual works do not have any physical existence in the normal sense. In 1969, for example, the US artist Robert Barry created a work called Telepathic Piece, which consisted of a statement that during an exhibition he would ‘try to communicate telepathically a work of art, the nature of which is a series of thoughts that are not applicable to language or image’.