#113301 Re: Sirija vol. 2
Posted: 15/04/2018 02:23
Da mi odgovori neko ko se razumije. Ako bombarduješ postrojenja (ili šta već) gdje se nalazi hemijsko oružje, zar to ne bi dovelo do kobnih posljedica za okolinu bombardiranog mjesta?
vjerovatno biBosanski_kralj wrote:Da mi odgovori neko ko se razumije. Ako bombarduješ postrojenja (ili šta već) gdje se nalazi hemijsko oružje, zar to ne bi dovelo do kobnih posljedica za okolinu bombardiranog mjesta?
evo kako amerikanci uništavaju hemijsko oružje u specijalnim bazama
Each disposal facility is equipped with a cascading negative air system, which ensures that in the event of an accident or structural failure, any chemical agent released stays within the facility. This system is complemented with carbon air filters, which would remove any chemical agents from the air. Structural robustness was ensured during construction with the incinerators being built with 22-inch-thick (560 mm) concrete walls. In addition to the safety precautions at the disposal locations, a significant amount of attention has been directed toward disaster preparedness in the event that the precautions should somehow fail. Millions of dollars of federal funds have been provided to the communities near the disposal sites in the form of communications equipment, emergency operations centers, decontamination equipment, etc.[12] Emergency exercises are conducted, in which both base and community emergency sirens are sounded, to ensure the readiness of response plans in nearby communities. Officials also encourage local families and businesses to be prepared with their own emergency response plans.[13]
evo šta koriste da unište hemijsko oružjeGB or Sarin is the least lethal of the nerve agents. Nerve agents act to disable enzymes responsible for transmitting nerve impulses. Initial effects can appear almost immediately after exposure and can cause death within minutes.[15] Humans exposed to a non-disabling dose which would be about .05 mg/m3 for twenty minutes, can experience headaches, eye pain, tightness in chest, rhino rhea, cramps, nausea, malaise and miosis. With a slightly more potent dose of .05 mg/m3 for 30 minutes effects include inhibition, dyspnea and SFEMG changes. The required dose for a rate of 50 percent lethality is 70 mg-min/m3
Once the U.S. learns of a possible location, using traditional bombs and missiles would only make problems worse. Due to the very nature of chemical weapons, an explosive attack would spread lethal agents over a wide area, meaning more civilian casualties.
This is why the Pentagon’s Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)—an organization which uses science to combat WMD—has developed two "agent defeat" weapons to specifically to neutralize chemical and biological weapons without collateral damage.
The first one, known as BLU-119/B CrashPAD, was fielded during 2003 to support Operation Iraqi Freedom. This 2,000-pound Mk84 bomb comes loaded with a mix of high explosive and white phosphorus. The explosive ruptures drums or other containers while the phosphorus burns at high temperature, neutralizing the chemical agent. This was later joined by Shredder, a similar design based on a hardened bomb casing which can reach stockpiles stashed in reinforced, concrete-hardened bunkers.
But white phosphorus is also incredibly volatile, not to mention toxic, so Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories have been working on a safer, more effective alternative. The material, developed by Livermore’s High Explosives Applications Facility (HEAF), is a thermite mixture of metal and metal oxide, which burns at high temperature.
Homemade thermite can destroy washing machines or make a hole in a frozen lake. But HEAF researchers created thermite that burns hotter and longer than white phosphorus and produces less overpressure, so there is less risk of spreading the chemical agent.
HEAF’s biggest hurdle was turning thermite powder into a toothpaste-like texture. But the team succeeded in finding a suitable binder to create the first ever plasticized thermite.
Because thermite does not self-ignite, the mixture is spread and detonated by a high-explosive inner core. The result is a ‘persistent thermitic cloud’ to rapidly destroy chemical agents. As of 2017, the HEAF team were working on scaling up to produce and use the thermite in large quantities to be used in a successor to Shredder known as Penetrating Agent Defeat.
The U.S. military’s other option is HAMMER, another thermite-based weapon. Short for “Heated and Mobile Munitions Employing Rockets”, this weapon fires “kinetic fireball incendiaries” that are essentially hollow shells of rubberized rocket fuel. The shell has a hole in it, and when the interior is ignited, exhaust shoots out through the hole, propelling five-pound ball at high speeds.
Once released, these bouncy, grapefruit-sized fireballs will spread through any confined space, filling the air with hot exhaust, raising the temperature to over 1,000 Fahrenheit, and staring secondary fires. If chemical weapons are stored in an underground complex, then a single penetrating bomb could release dozens of fireballs to take out whole facility in one strike.
HAMMER has been a long time coming. First revealed in 2008, the DTRA has been working to turn them into a usable weapon ever since. According to budget documents, plans for 2018 included sled tests of full-scale HAMMER weapon system, and preparing to transfer the technology to the Air Force next year. These plans could be accelerated, which isn’t unheard of when it comes to weapons development.
Even these agent defeat weapons are not a silver bullet for destroying chemical weapons. In fact, it may take many strikes to get the job done. But if they can help prevent the deaths of more innocent civilians, it’s an option worth taking seriously.
