@Naslovnica mRNA radi na način da našem organizmu da genetički kod koji mu omogućuje da proizvede protein određenog virusa (u ovom slučaju SARS-COV-2). Kad se prizvedu proteini (koji ne izazivaju bolest) u tijelu se pokreće imunološki odgovor protiv virusa što nam omogućava da razvijemo imunitet. Najveća prednost oce tehnologije je što se mRNA može (teoretski) iskoristiti za izgradnju bilo kojeg proteina i mnogo je lakša (za određene viruse) od umrtvljivanja ili inaktiviranja (to su tradicionalne tehnologije pravljenja vakcina).
Tačno je da niti jedna "konvencionalna" vakcina nije odobrena koristeći ovu tehnologiju.
Ali tehnologija se pokazala kao jako uspješna za liječenje određenih vrsta raka i tu je u primjeni. I BioNtech i Moderna imaju ove proizvode (postavljala sam linkove). Prave se "personalizirane" vakcine koje podstiču organizam da se bori protiv ćelija raka pomoću mRNA tehnologije.
Evo članak iz 2015. godine
Korištenje za zarazne bolesti:
Another advantage is that the production of RNA-based vaccines is more rapid compared to production of traditional vaccines. This rapid production could be a major advantage in face of sudden pandemics. Moreover, RNA-based vaccines may be effective against pandemics because they also provide more flexibility to prevent or treat pathogens that are rapidly evolving [8,9]. For instance, influenza vaccines have to be tailored each year to specific strains that are most likely to cause disease in the coming season. However, these forecasts have not always been accurate, such as during the winter of 2014-2015, making the influenza vaccine less protective. The World Health Organization estimates it takes approximately five to six months to produce an influenza vaccine, whereas the company CureVac claims that RNA-based vaccines could be manufactured in less than two months at a lower production cost, making it possible to respond to epidemics even as they develop. Therefore, RNA-based vaccines offer a comparatively simple and rapid solution to unpredictable, rapidly evolving pathogens.
Imunoterapija kao tretman za rak:
In the field of cancer immunotherapy, “cancer vaccines” take advantage of the expression of specific markers by cancer cells to direct the immune response and attack the tumor. RNA vaccines against prostate cancer, melanoma, and lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer) are currently in clinical trials. For instance, six different RNAs against proteins produced in excess in tumor cells were used to formulate a vaccine against lung cancer. By taking advantage of the flexibility of RNA vaccine production, scientists can thus produce a vaccine with different antigens which is consequently better at targeting the tumor cells [11]. In the case of the prostate cancer vaccine, a preliminary study showed that injection of those RNAs foster an immune response in most of the patients. Whether this production of antibodies is sufficient to slow down the tumor progression remain to be determined.
Interestingly, because of the versatility of RNA vaccines, they could be tailored to fit the antigen repertoire of each patient tumor. Tumor cells are very different between patients, and this variability is an ongoing an issue for cancer treatment. An ongoing clinical trial is testing whether RNA vaccines may be effective for addressing variability in melanoma patients: in the trial, each tumor was first sequenced to identify its unique antigen repertoire, and then, a RNA vaccine is tailored to each tumor (Figure 3). This study shows that RNA vaccines could play a major role in this growing field of “personalized medicine” [7]. Moreover, these tailored, on-demand vaccines are practical – the company BioNTech claims that it could be manufactured in 5 months [12]).
http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2015/ ... t-disease/
Također je tačno da je bilo pokušaja da se ova tehnologija koristi za vakcine za zarazne bolesti. Za bjesnilo, Zika virus i gripu. Jednostavno nije bilo dovoljno interesa i novaca da se ova tehnologija dovoljno usavrši. Zika je ubitačna, ali je "tamo negdje u Africi", a gripa, iako ozbiljna nije "dovoljno" smrtonosna.
I vrlo je bitno istaći da su i vakcine s "umrtvljenim" virusom nekad bile revolucija i "nikad prije odobrene". Treba sačekati da se objave svi podaci.
Bilo kako bilo, ovo otkriće je ogromno ne samo vezano za zarazne bolesti već će se moći koristiti i u borbi protiv raka.
Modernina imunoterapija:
https://www.modernatx.com/pipeline/ther ... o-oncology
BioNtech:
https://biontech.de/how-we-translate/mrna-therapeutics
Izvini što je opširno, tema je komplikovana. Vjeruj mi, ni Oxfordova tehnologija nije mnogo jednostavnija.
