http://www.seep.ceu.hu/issue22/dimitrovova.pdf wrote:
Bosniak or Muslim? Dilemma of one Nation with two Names
Muslim is in Arabic grammar a participium of the active verb aslam
which means “to give your klix to the God willing”; an-Persian suffix,
expresses belonging to something.”vi The fact that the term itself gives a religious
connection to Islamic religion, although the religion doesn’t play so important
role anymore, is one of the frequent arguments used by the recent supporters of
the Bosniak identity. The term Muslim (Musliman) covers the Slav Muslims and
is understood to have a national meaning. In contrast, the term muslim with a
lower-case “m”(musliman) has just a religion meaning and refers to adherents
with the Islamic religion.
Both terms Bosniak and Bosanac have been often confused even among
the Muslims themselves. The name Bosniak (Bošnjak) has been almost forgotten
in Montenegro and is considered by many people as an artificial notion imported
from Bosnia. In 1993, it became the official national name for Muslims in Bosnia
and the idea of the Bošnjactvovii spread to Montenegro as well. The term Bosniak
has a deep-rooted historical tradition but its usage and meaning changed through
historical periods.
For instance,
during the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian over
the territory of Bosnia, the term Bosniak labeled the Christian population as well.
Apart from that, it is also worth mentioning that according to some scholars the
term Bosniak was used in the territory of what is now Montenegro as well. One
Turkish traveler, Evlija Čelebi wrote that the Ottomans called the language used
by the Slavs as Bosanski or Bošnjački and they call themselves Bosniaks.viii
The Bosanac includes all people living on the territory Bosnia, i.e. Serbs, Croats and
Muslims.
However, this term has not become so popular and it has remained just
on the local level. The truth is that there is no such precisely defined concept of
the Bosniak or the Bosanac. For instance, Muhamed Filipović, a great ideologist
of the Bosniak national identity considers all citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina
to be Bosniaksix. Another propagator of Bosniak idea, Adil Zulfikarpašić, gives
the Bošnjastvoa wider and more variegated meaning and he claims “the Bosniak
ethnic identity must be accessible to the Catholic and Orthodox, just as in the
past when the non-Muslim population of Bosnia was called Bosniak.”x This
classification and dispute over the national names deserves more attention and
deeper analysis; however, for the purpose of my thesis I use the term Muslim-
Bosniak for the Slav Muslims and the term Bosanac for those inhabiting the
territory belonging to Bosnia.